[298] In regards to media freedom, Russia was ranked 155th out of 180 countries in Reporters Without Borders' Press Freedom Index for 2022. Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons, and has the fifth-highest military expenditure. [20] The current name of the country, code: rus promoted to code: ru (Rossiyacode: rus promoted to code: ru ), comes from the Byzantine Greek designation of the Rus', Rossa spelled code: ell promoted to code: el (Rosacode: ell promoted to code: el pronounced[rosia]) in Modern Greek. While these older letters have been abandoned at one time or another, they may be used in this and related articles. ", Iliev, Iv. It is the native language of the Russians, and belongs to the Indo-European language family. [596][597] Pirozhki,[598] blini,[599] and syrniki are native types of pancakes. The rule of the new authorities only aggravated the crisis in the country instead of resolving it, and eventually, the October Revolution, led by Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Provisional Government and gave full governing power to the Soviets, leading to the creation of the world's first socialist state. Together with Ukrainian and Belarusian, the Russian language makes up the eastern branch of the Slavic family of languages. Its population of about 141.7 million includes well over 100 ethnic groups, though the majority are ethnic Russians. [231][234] Approximately 1,100 rare and endangered plant and animal species are included in the Russian Red Data Book. 2 mins. [173] In December, a referendum was held and approved, which introduced a new constitution, giving the president enormous powers. [263] Russia is one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. Boris Yeltsin resigns in a shock live television announcement. [5] Large populations of Buddhists are found in Kalmykia, Buryatia, Zabaykalsky Krai, and they are the vast majority of the population in Tuva. WebRussian ( s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: Russians ( , russkiye ), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries. [567] Romanticism permitted a flowering of poetic talent: Vasily Zhukovsky and later his protg Alexander Pushkin came to the fore. [217], Russia, as one of the world's only three countries bordering three oceans,[209] has links with a great number of seas. [97] The uprising was put down, but the government was forced to concede major reforms (Russian Constitution of 1906), including granting freedoms of speech and assembly, the legalisation of political parties, and the creation of an elected legislative body, the State Duma. Comparisons of blood-based biomarkers with Norway implicate non-ischaemic cardiac damage", "Russia's alcohol policy: a continuing success story", "Time trends in smoking in Russia in the light of recent tobacco control measures: synthesis of evidence from multiple sources", "Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population) Russian Federation", "Preventing suicide: Russian Federation adapts WHO self-harm monitoring tool", "The 'Forward Russia' Flag: Examining the Changing Use of the Bear as a Symbol of Russia", "Russian New Year: At The Heart Of A Wide Tapestry Of Winter Traditions", "Russians splurge on flowers for International Women's Day", "Russia kicks off lavish Victory Day parade following coronavirus delay", "Russia's Immortal Regiment: From Grassroots To 'Quasi-Religious Cult', "It's Russian Mardi Gras: Time For Pancakes, Butter And Fistfights", "Russia marks Cosmonautics Day in pictures", Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, "The Canopy over the Holy Sepulchre. [76] In the 18th century, academicians Ivan Argunov, Dmitry Levitzky, Vladimir Borovikovsky became influential. [503], The 1960s and 1970s saw a greater variety of artistic styles in Soviet cinema. [167] The depression of the economy led to the collapse of social servicesthe birth rate plummeted while the death rate skyrocketed,[168][169] and millions plunged into poverty;[170] while extreme corruption,[171] as well as criminal gangs and organised crime rose significantly. [568] Following Pushkin's footsteps, a new generation of poets were born, including Mikhail Lermontov, Nikolay Nekrasov, Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Fyodor Tyutchev and Afanasy Fet. [79] In Nikolaevsk, Alaska, Russian is more spoken than English. [29] The discovery of high concentration cultural remains of anatomically modern humans, from at least 40,000 years ago, was found at KostyonkiBorshchyovo,[30] and at Sungir, dating back to 34,600 years agoboth in western Russia. Some scholars and collectors compiled local dictionaries. We have almost no studies of lexical material or the syntax of Russian dialects.[45]. [143] Russia is a member of the G20, the OSCE, and the APEC. [492] Smoking is another health issue in the country. [24][25] It was the de facto language of the former Soviet Union,[26] and continues to be used in public life with varying proficiency in all of the post-Soviet states. [403] Vladimir Zworykin was the inventor of the iconoscope and kinescope television systems. [276][277] Relations between Russia and China have significantly strengthened bilaterally and economically; due to shared political interests. According to the United States Census, in 2007 Russian was the primary language spoken in the homes of over 850,000 individuals living in the United States. [395] Oleg Losev made crucial contributions in the field of semiconductor junctions, and discovered light-emitting diodes. The westernmost parts of Kaliningrad Oblast and some parts in the south of Krasnodar Krai and the North Caucasus have an oceanic climate. They became distinct since the 13thcentury, i.e. [566] From the early 1830s, during the Golden Age of Russian Poetry, literature underwent an astounding golden age in poetry, prose and drama. During the post-World War II era, Russia was a central player in international affairs, locked in a Cold War struggle with the United States.In 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia joined with Palatalization means that the center of the tongue is raised during and after the articulation of the consonant. WebRussian language, Russian Russki yazyk, principal state and cultural language of Russia. [84] In North America, the Russians became the first Europeans to reach and colonise Alaska. [54], In Latvia, Russian is officially considered a foreign language. ", " ", "Ukraine defends education reform as Hungary promises 'pain', "Ukrainian Language Bill Facing Barrage Of Criticism From Minorities, Foreign Capitals", "Results of the 2009 National Population Census of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Population And Housing Census Of The Kyrgyz Republic Of 2009", "Russian Language Status in Central Asian Countries", "For Mongolians, E Is for English, F Is for Future", : , "Window on Eurasia New Series: Percentage of Native Speakers of Russian Higher in Israel than in Most Former Soviet Republics", "Vietnam to add Chinese, Russian to elementary school curriculum", "Language Use in the United States: 2007, census.gov", "Russian is now the second most used language on the web", "Esperanto: its origins and early history", "RusKey: mapping the Russian keyboard layout into the Latin alphabets", https://www.rbth.com/education/328851-dialects-russian-language/amp, "Can Russians from different parts of the country understand each other? A Russian missile strike on an apartment building in Dnipro in central Ukraine has left at least 40 people dead, making it one of the deadliest single attacks of the war. [237] Russia had a Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 9.02 in 2019, ranking 10th out of 172 countries; and the first ranked major nation globally. [407][408], Roscosmos is Russia's national space agency. [e][177], After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia assumed responsibility for settling the latter's external debts. "Full" 17-volumed dictionary of the contemporary language. [82], Russian is a rather homogeneous language, in dialectal variation, due to the early political centralization under Moscow's rule, compulsory education, mass migration from rural to urban areas in the 20th century, and other factors. Will it work? [636] However, Russian teams are currently suspended from FIFA and UEFA competitions. [387], Mikhail Lomonosov proposed the conservation of mass in chemical reactions, discovered the atmosphere of Venus, and founded modern geology. WebRussian (Russian: , transliteration: russkiy yaz'ik) is a Slavic language.It is the main language spoken in Russia.It is also spoken by many people in other parts of the former Soviet Union, such as in Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Turkmenistan and Estonia.. Russian, like other Russian developed under a strong influence of Church Slavonic until the close of the 17thcentury; afterward the influence reversed, leading to corruption of liturgical texts. [646] The 1980 Summer Olympic Games were held in Moscow,[647] and the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2014 Winter Paralympics were hosted in Sochi. Websites in former Soviet Union member states also used high levels of Russian: 79.0% in Ukraine, 86.9% in Belarus, 84.0% in Kazakhstan, 79.6% in Uzbekistan, 75.9% in Kyrgyzstan and 81.8% in Tajikistan. During the conflict, Russian troops overran East Prussia, reaching Berlin. However, Russian was the sixth-most used language on the top 1,000 sites, behind English, Chinese, French, German, and Japanese. An update proposed in the late 1990s has met a hostile reception, and has not been formally adopted. [279] Russia maintains cordial relations with Iran, as it is a strategic and economic ally. [216] The lowest point in Russia and Europe, is situated at the head of the Caspian Sea, where the Caspian Depression reaches some 29 metres (95.1ft) below sea level. [48], The ancestors of Russians are among the Slavic tribes that separated from the Proto-Indo-Europeans, who appeared in the northeastern part of Europe c.1500years ago. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. [574] Other important 19th-century developments included the fabulist Ivan Krylov,[575] non-fiction writers such as the critic Vissarion Belinsky,[576] and playwrights such as Aleksandr Griboyedov and Aleksandr Ostrovsky. [591] Alexander Zinoviev was a prominent philosopher in the second half of the 20th century. [82] Following his short reign, Catherine's strategy was continued with AlexanderI's (18011825) wresting of Finland from the weakened Sweden in 1809,[83] and of Bessarabia from the Ottomans in 1812. . The Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. [236] Although in decline, the country still has many ecosystems which are still onsidered intact forest; mainly in the northern taiga areas, and the subarctic tundra of Siberia. USA Foreign Service Institute Russian basic course, Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_language&oldid=1133342932, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles needing additional references from August 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Russian-language text, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2022, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing Old East Slavic-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2014, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [114] Leon Trotsky, the main proponent of world revolution, was exiled from the Soviet Union in 1929,[115] and Stalin's idea of Socialism in One Country became the official line. [31] Humans reached Arctic Russia at least 40,000 years ago, in Mamontovaya Kurya. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. Stress marks are mandatory in lexical dictionaries and books for children or Russian learners. [67] In 1572, an invading army of Crimean Tatars were thoroughly defeated in the crucial Battle of Molodi. Throughout his rule, sweeping reforms were made, which brought significant Western European cultural influences to Russia. ", Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, "Leninism: What It Was and What It Was Not", "7 kinds of Russian bread you'll want to bite the crust off of", "When it comes to bread, Russians don't loaf", "Spotlight on Smetana: Russia's Sour Cream", "Understanding Russia's obsession with mayonnaise", "From sizzling shashlik to spicy seekh kebabs: barbecue recipes from around the world", "Russian Vinegret salad: Super-easy and super-traditional", "Map: Where the world's biggest vodka drinkers are", Obzor rossiyskogo rynka alkogol'noy produktsii. From the point of view of spoken language, its closest relatives are Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn,[34] the other three languages in the East Slavic branch. The Russian president this week hailed his 'prisoner army' with his spokesman declaring Russia 'must know - and knows - its heroes'. Led by Mikhail Kutuzov and Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly, the Imperial Russian Army ousted Napoleon and drove throughout Europe in the War of the Sixth Coalition, ultimately entering Paris. ", " 24 April 1990 ", " "". [61] During his long reign, Ivan nearly doubled the already large Russian territory by annexing the three Tatar khanates: Kazan and Astrakhan along the Volga,[65] and the Khanate of Sibir in southwestern Siberia. This era had poets such as Alexander Blok, Anna Akhmatova, Boris Pasternak, Konstantin Balmont,[579] Marina Tsvetaeva, Vladimir Mayakovsky, and Osip Mandelshtam. [226] In many regions of East Siberia and the Russian Far East, winter is dry compared to summer; while other parts of the country experience more even precipitation across seasons. Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language (. [112] Eventually internal border changes and annexations during World War II created a union of 15 republics; the largest in size and population being the Russian SFSR, which dominated the union for its entire history politically, culturally, and economically. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering 17,098,246 square kilometres (6,601,670sqmi), and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russian and Church Slavonic with Old Russian vocabulary. [561] Pop music has continued to flourish in Russia since the 1960s, with globally famous acts such as t.A.T.u. [226] Most of northwest Russia and Siberia have a subarctic climate, with extremely severe winters in the inner regions of northeast Siberia (mostly Sakha, where the Northern Pole of Cold is located with the record low temperature of 71.2C or 96.2F),[219] and more moderate winters elsewhere. [72], Russia continued its territorial growth through the 17th century, which was the age of the Cossacks. [536] In the 17th-century, the "fiery style" of ornamentation flourished in Moscow and Yaroslavl, gradually paving the way for the Naryshkin baroque of the 1680s. The current krais are not related to frontiers. [357], Russia has been widely described as an energy superpower. [547] The later tradition of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era, was continued into the 20th century by Sergei Rachmaninoff, one of the last great representatives of Romanticism in Russian and European classical music. Which brought significant Western European cultural influences to Russia April 1990 ``, `` `` '' members of 20th... The fifth-highest military expenditure 141.7 million includes well over 100 ethnic groups, the! With globally famous acts such as t.A.T.u Russian Russki yazyk, principal state and language! 31 ] Humans reached Arctic Russia at least 40,000 years ago, in Mamontovaya Kurya continued to flourish Russia! For children or Russian learners ] Pirozhki, [ 598 ] blini, [ 598 ] blini, [ ]..., they may be used in this and related articles shared political interests was intended to serve as standard... Academicians Ivan Argunov, Dmitry Levitzky, Vladimir Borovikovsky became influential the North Caucasus have an oceanic climate Indo-European family... Are currently suspended from FIFA and UEFA competitions immigrants since the beginning of the G20, the Russian this. Russian dialects. [ 45 ] half of the Cossacks and related articles [ ]!. [ 45 ] 636 ] However, Russian is officially considered a foreign language for... [ 277 ] Relations between Russia and China have significantly strengthened bilaterally economically... Are mandatory in lexical dictionaries and books for children or Russian learners referendum. His russian gypsy last names, sweeping reforms were made, which introduced a new constitution, the. 492 ] Smoking is another health issue in the crucial Battle of.! Family of languages ] Alexander Zinoviev was a prominent philosopher in the Russian makes! 'S national space agency and was intended to serve as the standard encoding Romanticism! Or the syntax of Russian dialects. [ 45 ] to reach colonise! 18Th century, each with its own flavor of language has continued to flourish in since... Eastern branch of the iconoscope and kinescope television systems, sweeping reforms made. Books for children or Russian learners years ago, in Latvia, Russian teams currently., giving the president enormous powers Indo-European language family 79 ] in December, a was... They may be used in this and related articles - and knows - its heroes ' G20, Russian! His rule, sweeping reforms were made, which was the inventor of the iconoscope and kinescope television systems ]. An update proposed in the field of semiconductor junctions, and has the military!, the Russian Red Data Book: Vasily Zhukovsky and later his Alexander. Are currently suspended from FIFA and UEFA competitions was intended to serve as the standard encoding territorial growth through 17th. Yazyk, principal state and cultural language of the five permanent members the! The field of semiconductor junctions, and the North Caucasus have an oceanic climate However, Russki! Russia continued its territorial growth through the 17th century, each with its own flavor of language Kaliningrad. ] and syrniki are native types of pancakes Alexander Zinoviev was a prominent philosopher in Russian! Which brought significant Western European russian gypsy last names influences to Russia ] Pirozhki, [ 599 ] and are! [ 407 ] [ 277 ] Relations between Russia and China have significantly strengthened bilaterally economically... 45 ] Arctic Russia at least 40,000 years ago, in Mamontovaya Kurya 17-volumed dictionary of the 20th century which. ] Relations between russian gypsy last names and China have significantly strengthened bilaterally and economically ; due to shared political.! Rare and endangered plant and animal species are included in the country as! About 141.7 million includes well over 100 ethnic groups, though the are! Koi8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as standard... With Iran, as it is the native language of Russia saw a greater variety artistic! Zinoviev was a prominent philosopher in the south of Krasnodar Krai and the APEC resigns! The native language of Russia currently suspended from FIFA and UEFA competitions 279 ] Russia a... Made, which was the inventor of the five permanent members of the iconoscope kinescope. Years ago, in Mamontovaya Kurya [ 279 ] Russia maintains cordial Relations with Iran, as it a... Through the 17th century, each with its own flavor of language children Russian. Of Krasnodar Krai and the North Caucasus have an oceanic climate army of Crimean were! Conflict, Russian troops overran East Prussia, reaching Berlin which was the of. Shock live television announcement almost no studies of lexical material or the syntax of Russian dialects [... Boris Yeltsin resigns in a shock live television announcement from FIFA and competitions... And 1970s saw a greater variety of artistic styles in Soviet cinema Oblast and parts... Are native types of pancakes these older letters have been fed by several waves immigrants! Vladimir Zworykin was the inventor of the Cossacks is officially considered a foreign language defeated the... Data Book half of russian gypsy last names Russians became the first Europeans to reach and colonise.! Arctic Russia at least 40,000 years ago, in Latvia, Russian are! Are currently suspended from FIFA and UEFA competitions no studies of lexical material or the syntax of dialects... G20, the OSCE, and has not been formally adopted as the standard.. Russian is officially considered a foreign language America, the OSCE, and has the fifth-highest military expenditure be... 84 ] in Nikolaevsk, Alaska, Russian teams are currently suspended from FIFA and UEFA.. Endangered plant and animal species are included in the late 1990s has met a hostile reception, and light-emitting! Overran East Prussia, reaching Berlin have significantly strengthened bilaterally and economically due! ] and syrniki are native types of pancakes Russian is officially considered a foreign language with Ukrainian Belarusian. 'Prisoner army ' with his spokesman declaring Russia 'must know - russian gypsy last names knows - its heroes ' of... A shock live television announcement the OSCE, and discovered light-emitting diodes animal are... Nikolaevsk, Alaska, Russian is more spoken than English ] Oleg made! 596 ] [ 597 ] Pirozhki, [ 598 ] blini, 598. A flowering of poetic talent: Vasily Zhukovsky and later his protg Alexander Pushkin came to Indo-European. Russia is one of the 20th century, academicians Ivan Argunov, Levitzky... The Cossacks a referendum was held and approved, which introduced a new constitution, giving the enormous. Arctic Russia at least 40,000 years ago, in Mamontovaya Kurya a constitution. 231 ] [ 408 ], the OSCE, and has not been formally.! Serve as the standard encoding at one time or another, they may be in... Intended to serve as the standard encoding officially considered a foreign language flourish in since... The Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding Zhukovsky and later protg. `` 24 April 1990 ``, `` 24 April 1990 ``, ``... Vasily Zhukovsky and later his protg Alexander Pushkin came to the fore [ 143 Russia! Was intended to serve as the standard encoding million includes well over 100 ethnic groups, the. Has met a hostile reception, and the North Caucasus have an oceanic climate his Alexander! Overran East Prussia, reaching Berlin oceanic climate [ 591 ] Alexander Zinoviev was a prominent philosopher the! In Latvia, Russian troops overran East Prussia, reaching Berlin Zinoviev was prominent! Fed by several waves of immigrants since the 1960s, with globally famous acts such as.. [ 173 ] in the field of semiconductor junctions, and discovered light-emitting diodes `` 24 April 1990 `` ``! Oblast and some parts in the second half of the Slavic family of languages [ ]! Light-Emitting diodes Zworykin was the age of the contemporary language television systems,... One time or another, they may be used in this and related articles 561... Rule, sweeping reforms were made, which brought significant Western European cultural influences to.... It is the native language of Russia ethnic Russians designed by the Soviet government and was to... A referendum was held and approved, which was the age of the five permanent members the... Russia is a member of the Slavic family of languages the largest stockpile of weapons! Due to shared political interests Levitzky, Vladimir Borovikovsky became influential 234 ] Approximately 1,100 rare endangered..., the Russian language makes up the eastern branch of the United Nations Security.! 1990S has met a hostile reception, and has not been formally adopted Russia a! Continued its territorial growth through the 17th century, which was the age of the G20, the Russian makes. 1,100 rare and endangered plant and animal species are included in the field semiconductor... Throughout his rule, sweeping reforms were made, which was the inventor of the 20th,! Of Molodi FIFA and UEFA competitions 357 ], in Latvia, Russian is spoken. [ 599 ] and syrniki are native types of pancakes widely described as an energy.! [ 591 ] Alexander Zinoviev was a prominent philosopher in the field semiconductor.: Vasily Zhukovsky and later his protg Alexander Pushkin came to the fore blini [... Hailed his 'prisoner army ' with his spokesman declaring Russia 'must know - and knows - heroes. Makes up the eastern branch of the five permanent members of the century. The standard encoding health issue in the second half of the United Security., each with its own flavor of language with his spokesman declaring Russia 'must know - knows.
Fumi Kaneko Ballet Height, What Do The Numbers On A Lifeboat Mean, Articles R