As part of the 3-Tier prison system, Level 1 inmates are granted the highest levels of privilege and autonomy whenever possible (subject to operational needs of the facility). The Boyana Church, a UNESCO World Heritage site, contains realistic frescoes, depicting more than 240 human images and a total 89 scenes, were painted. Private automobile ownership has grown rapidly in the 1990s; more than 1,000,000 cars were registered in Sofia after 2002. It represents the primary security level for Control Units in the 3-Tier System. After the abolition of Communism in 1989, Sofia witnessed the construction of whole business districts and neighbourhoods, as well as modern skryscraper-like glass-fronted office buildings, but also top-class residential neighbourhoods. According to the director of Sofia District Police Directorate, the largest share of the crimes are thefts, making up 62.4% of all crimes in the capital city. According to modern records, 39,551 dwellings were constructed until 1949, 119,943 between 1950 and 1969, 287,191 between 1970 and 1989, 57,916 in the 90s and 102,623 between 2000 and 2011. The Georgi Dimitrov Mausoleum, where Dimitrov's body had been preserved in a similar way to the Lenin mausoleum, was demolished in 1999. In total there were 11 big and over 100 small mosques by the 17th century. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. Inmate Detail - CANO-CIFUENTES, JUAN LUIS. In 1858 Nedelya Petkova created the first Bulgarian school for women in the city. Sofia has an extensive district heating system that draws on four combined heat and power (CHP) plants and boiler stations. Mount Vitosha borders on the Vitosha Natural Park, which is the oldest nature reserve on the Balkan Peninsula. [80], The Celtic tribe Serdi gave their name to the city. At the beginning of the 9th century, the Bulgarian Han Krum (reign 803-814) invaded Serdika. Inmates incarcerated in the ADOC will be classified into groups by security level, custody, and program needs as defined in the ADOC Classification Manual. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Objective jail classification (OJC) is a process of assessing every jail inmate's custody and program needs and is considered one of the most important management tools available to jail administrators and criminal justice system planners. [8], For a long time the city possessed[29] a Thracian name, Serdica (Ancient Greek: .mw-parser-output .polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek",Athena,"EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre",Cardo,"Gentium Plus",Gentium,Garamond,"Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",FreeSerif,FreeSans,"Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande",Code2000,sans-serif} Serdik, or Sardik; Latin: .mw-parser-output .script-latin{font-family:"Palemonas MUFI","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Garamond Libre","Cormorant Garamond",Cormorant,Cardo,"ETBookOT","ETBembo","Junicode New","Junicode","Andron Freefont LAT","PFEFFER MEDIVAL","Open Baskerville","Adobe Garamond Pro","Adobe Caslon Pro","Baskerville Ten","Garamond",serif}Serdica or Sardica), derived from the tribe Serdi, who were either of Thracian,[16][18] Celtic,[30] or mixed Thracian-Celtic origin. [110][111] Following the war, the great majority of the Muslim population left Sofia.[101]. : +359 2 49 49 315 E-mail:largo@info-sofia.bg, Info Point Chitalnyata (The reading room), Tel. ODRC attempts to place incarcerated individuals in an appropriate security level prison in a geographic area reasonably close to the incarcerated individual's home to facilitate visitation by loved ones. Sofia entered a period of economic and political decline in the 17th century, accelerated during the period of anarchy in the Ottoman Balkans of the late 18th and early 19th century, when local Ottoman warlords ravaged the countryside. [72] In response to hazardous spikes in air pollution, the Municipal Council implemented a variety of measures in January 2018, like more frequent washing of streets. The common head of Sofia Municipality and all the 38 settlements is the mayor of Sofia. The route from Western Europe to Istanbul passes through Sofia via Beograd and Skopje, then through Plovdiv to Turkey. Very close to Saint Sofia is The Memorial Church Saint Alexander Nevsky, now one of the citys most recognizable symbols. ber die Segetike (wohl irrtmlich fr Serdike, Land der Serden, wie es aus Dio Cass. The median age is 38 though. Cyril and Methodius National Library are located in Sofia. [208], Higher education includes four of the five highest-ranking national universities Sofia University (SU), the Technical University of Sofia, New Bulgarian University and the Medical University of Sofia. [92] which was already not dissimilar to a tetrarchic capital of the Roman Empire. "[A]reas in which jails tend to be deficient, suggesting the need for new or revised forms of NIC assistance" are identified (p.2). The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. [146] Over the past two decades, numerous independent cinemas have closed and most shows are in shopping centre multiplexes. The largest group of the population aged over 20 are recorded to live within marriage (46.3%), another 43.8% are recorded as single and another 9.9% as having other type of coexistence/partnership, whereas not married in total are a majority and among people aged up to 40 and over 70. [49][50] The hottest recorded month was July 2012 with an average temperature of 25C (77F). Sofia was declared the national capital in 1879. Sofia (/ s o f i , s f-, s o f i / SOH-fee-, SOF-; Bulgarian: , romanized: Sofiya, IPA: ()) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria.It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. Inmate Behavior Management: The Key to a Safe and Secure Jail Issues in Jail Operations, 2003: Perspectives from State Jail Inspection Agencies Jails Division Objective Jail Classification Systems: A Guide for Jail Administrators Resource Guide for Jail Administrators Women in Jail: Classification Issues [78], The earliest tribes who settled were the Thracian Tilataei. Lines 5 and 13 are shorter and provide connections to Kulata and Bankya, respectively. Amid of the citys religious landmarks, directly across from The Presidential Palace, is the National Archeological Museum, which has in its collection some of the most valuable treasures discovered in Bulgaria. Only over 1% of the juridically married do not de facto live within marriage. [23] It was Europe's most affordable capital to visit in 2013. For Constantine the Great it was 'Sardica mea Roma est' (Serdica is my Rome). A large number of sports clubs are based in the city. The ADOC Classification Manual is the document of direction in all matters of inmate classification and procedures thereunto. [149] The collections encompass diverse cultural items, from Ashanti Empire sculptures and Buddhist art to Dutch Golden Age painting, works by Albrecht Drer, Jean-Baptiste Greuze and Auguste Rodin. The Bulgarian Volleyball Federation is the world's second-oldest, and it was an exhibition tournament organised by the BVF in Sofia that convinced the International Olympic Committee to include volleyball as an olympic sport in 1957. Being a pedestrian zone, it is a very pleasant place for strolling and relaxation. These include Tsarigradsko shose, Cherni Vrah, Bulgaria, Slivnitsa and Todor Aleksandrov boulevards, as well as the city's ring road. It was proposed as a capital by Marin Drinov and was accepted as such on 3 April 1879. Euro in a New Production Unit in Sofia/", "Melexis to Invest 75M to Expand Its Operations in Bulgaria", "Lufthansa Technik Sofia invests 30 mln euro to expand its facilities", Sofia infrastructure from the official website of the Municipality, "History of the tramway network in Sofia", "History of the trolleybus network in Sofia", "Public transport Sofia official website", "Transport Company Bulgaria official website", " (Bulgarian National Television News)", "National Federation of the Taxi Drivers in Bulgaria. The city gained its present name at the end of the 14th century, in honor of the citys major symbol, The Saint Sofia Basilica. It was liberated five centuries later, in 1878, and on April 3, 1879, it was declared the capital of the newly-liberated Bulgarian nation. For a few decades after the liberation, Sofia experienced large population growth, mainly by migration from other regions of the Principality (Kingdom since 1908) of Bulgaria, and from the still Ottoman Macedonia and Thrace. The recorded history of the city begins with the attestation of the conquest of Serdica by the Roman Republic in 29 BC from the Celtic tribe Serdi. [25], The population of Sofia declined from 70,000 in the late 18th century, through 19,000 in 1870, to 11,649 in 1878, after which it began increasing. [122] The mayor Yordanka Fandakova is serving a third consecutive term, having won the 2015 election at first round with 238,500 votes,[123] or 60.2% of the vote, when Reformist Bloc opponent Vili Lilkov was second with 9.6%; the turnout was 41.25%. Thus, Sofia became the first capital on the world to be overflown by enemy aircraft.[114]. All images, advertising and video materials and/or other information published on this website are property of the Ministry of Tourism and are protected by the Law on Copyright and Related Rights,according tothe Bulgarian laws to all applicable international and relevant acts of the European Union. While the 1818 and 1858 earthquakes were intense and destructive, the 2012 Pernik earthquake occurred west of Sofia with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a much lower Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). Each staff member with detainee in-processing responsibilities shall receive on-site training; 3. [209] Sofia University was founded in 1888. During the reign of Justinian it flourished, being surrounded with great fortress walls whose remnants can still be seen today. Within the municipality, three-quarters, or 965,328 people are recorded as having access to television at home and 836,435 (64.8%) as having internet. Another Christian monument in the region is the Saint Joseph Catholic Cathedral. There are different boulevards and streets in the city with a higher amount of traffic than others. It is one of the main stations along BDZ Line 1, and a hub of Lines 2, 5 and 13. The National Opera and Ballet of Bulgaria is a combined opera and ballet collective established in 1891. [citation needed] During the war, Sofia was flown by the Romanian Air Corps, which engaged on photoreconnaissance operations and threw propaganda pamphlets to the city. When Emperor Diocletian divided the province of Dacia into Dacia Ripensis (on the banks of the Danube) and Dacia Mediterranea, Serdica became the capital of the latter. With its cultural significance in Southeast Europe, Sofia is home to the National Opera and Ballet of Bulgaria, the National Palace of Culture, the Vasil Levski National Stadium, the Ivan Vazov National Theatre, the National Archaeological Museum, and the Serdica Amphitheatre. Newly admitted inmates are transported from county jails to one of several prison receiving centers where the risk assessment process begins. The venue was inaugurated on 30 July 2011, and the first event it hosted was a friendly volleyball match between Bulgaria and Serbia. There are separate reception centers for females, male youth, and adult males. This church was built in 1912, and was designed by the Russian architect Alexander Pomerantsev. The considerable immigration to the capital from poorer regions of the country, as well as urbanisation, are among the other reasons for the increase in Sofia's population. Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Sofia is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Bulgaria alongside coastal and mountain resorts. In the immediate vicinity, other historical remains are preserved, such as the municipal baths, the marketplace, and The Holy Sunday Church. - . [53][54], The geographic position of the Sofia Valley limits the flow of air masses, increasing the chances of air pollution by particulate matter and nitrogen oxide. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. OJC systems use locally developed and validated instruments, one at intake and another after a period of confinement, that identify the level of risk and needs presented by an inmate so that appropriate housing and program assignments can be made. Issues examined include: age of facilities; accreditation; compliance with policy and procedure standards; adequacy of policy and procedure manuals; adequacy of staffing; staff turnover; compliance with staffing standards; compliance with staff training standards; exceeding capacity; coordinating councils; pretrial services programs; availability of specific pretrial services; use of jail alternatives; compliance classification standards; objective jail classification; housing configurations; compliance with security standards; adequacy of security capabilities; compliance with documentation standards; quality of documentation; use of automated jail management systems; data exchange with other criminal justice agencies; Internet access; funding authority relations; compliance with standards concerning fire codes; compliance with work site safety standards; compliance with health and sanitation standards; and cleanliness and sanitation. In 1945, the communist Fatherland Front took power. Sredets became a major administrative, economic, cultural and literary hub until its conquest by the Ottomans in 1382. Regular performances began in 1909. The slopes are suitable for both experienced skiers beginners. With its developing infrastructure and strategic location, Sofia is a major hub for international railway and automobile transport. [190], Public transport is well-developed with bus (2,380km (1,479mi)),[191] tram (308km (191mi))[192] and trolleybus (193km (120mi))[193] lines running in all areas of the city. Besides the city proper, the 24 districts of Sofia Municipality encompass three other towns and 34 villages. US and UK Air forces conducted bombings over Sofia, Museum of Contemporary Art Sofia Arsenal, Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Vladislav the Grammarian 73rd Secondary School, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, List of twin towns and sister cities in Bulgaria, " | ", "Archaeologist Discovers 8,000-Year-Old Nephrite 'Frog-like' Swastika in Slatina Neolithic Settlement in Bulgaria's Capital Sofia Archaeology in Bulgaria", "CITIES AND THEIR URBANISED AREAS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA", "Nsi National Register of Populated Places ", "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab", "Triangle of Religious Tolerance (1903) iCulturalDiplomacy", "10 Things We Can all Learn from Bulgaria's Square of Religious Tolerance", "Sofia is one of the top 10 places for start-up businesses in the world, Bulgarian National TV", "Is Europe's most affordable capital worth the trip? There is hardly another city in all of Europe that has so many noteworthy Christian, Islamic, and Jewish monuments so close together. Opportunities for sport and recreation in the capital are many and varied outdoor swimming pools, tennis courts, modern gymnasiums and sports halls, and parks. Three of those are operated by the BAS; one by Sofia Tech Park and one by the Faculty of Physics at Sofia University.[218]. The assembly members are chosen every four years. Three mountain passes lead to the city, which have been key roads since antiquity, Vitosha being the watershed between Black and Aegean Seas. The Ottomans came to favour the name Sofya (). [124] Some party leaders claimed that ballots were falsified and called for annulment of the election. In the 15th and 16th century, Sofia was expanded by Ottoman building activity. In 1944 Sofia and the rest of Bulgaria was occupied by the Soviet Red Army and within days of the Soviet invasion Bulgaria declared war on Nazi Germany. 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